![]() The chamber of the gun is larger, to accommodate the thickness of the shotshell walls, and a "forcing cone" in front of the chamber reduces the diameter down to the bore diameter. The fact that most shotgun bores are not cylindrical also causes deviations from the ideal bore diameter. Since shotguns were not originally intended to fire solid projectiles, but rather a compressible mass of shot, the actual diameter of the bore can vary. This is essential information for understanding gauges. The gauge of firearms is determined by: 1 pound/gauge = weight of lead sphere. Therefore, an n-gauge shotgun or n-bore rifle has a bore diameter (in inches) of approximatelyĭ n = 2 3 4 π 1 l b / n 0.4097 l b / i n 3 3 454 grams), that is, that n such lead balls could be cast from a pound weight of lead. Gauge is abbreviated "ga.", "ga", or "G".Īn n-gauge diameter means that a ball of lead (density 11.34 g/cm 3 or 0.4097 lb/in 3) with that diameter has a mass equal to 1 / n part of the mass of the international avoirdupois pound (approx. These very large rifles, called " elephant guns", were intended for use primarily in Africa and Asia for hunting large dangerous game. Gauge is commonly used today in reference to shotguns, though historically it was also used in large double rifles, which were made in sizes up to 2 bore during their heyday in the 1880s, being originally loaded with black powder cartridges. The term is related to the measurement of cannon, which were also measured by the weight of their iron round shot an 8-pounder would fire an 8 lb (3.6 kg) ball. ![]() Thus there are twelve 12-gauge balls per pound, same with a 16-gauge, it would take 16 balls of lead the same size as a 16 gauge shotgun's inner diameter of its bore to weigh one pound, etc. Gauge is determined from the weight of a solid sphere of lead that will fit the bore of the firearm and is expressed as the multiplicative inverse of the sphere's weight as a fraction of a pound, e.g., a one-twelfth pound lead ball fits a 12-gauge bore. The gauge (in American English or more commonly referred to as bore in British English) of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the inner diameter (bore diameter) of the barrel. 410 bore shotshell, a 20-gauge shotshell, and a 12-gauge shotshell
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